SHORTHAND 

WITHOUT A 

TEACHER 




THE CHRISTIAN HERALD 




Class ____ .' ■ . 

Book 

Copyright N° 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



SHORTHAND 
WITHOUT A TEACHER 

A COMPLETE COURSE AT HOME 

The Pitman-Graham System 
Universally Used 

SELF-EXPLANATORY 




THE CHRISTIAN HERALD 

BIBLE HOUSE NEW YORK CITY 



Copyright by 
G. H. SANDISON 

New York 
1911 






THE QUINN & BOOEN CO. PRESS 
RAHWAY, N. J. 



5CI.A293777 



INTRODUCTION 

WITHIN the last few years many of the leading educators in our 
colleges and universities have begun to think so highly of 
Shorthand that they have already added correspondence courses 
to their personal methods of teaching. Dr. W. D. Harper, formerly 
President of the University of Chicago and one of the most conserva- 
tive educators of his time, wrote : 

" Better opportunity exists in work done by correspondence, for a 
larger and broader preparation, than is afforded in most cases by 
actual class-room work. The student makes the recitations to suit him- 
self. He has to recite on all the lessons, whereas, in ordinary recitations 
in resident courses, the student recites on only about one-thirtieth of 
the amount covered by the three months' course. Furthermore, it is 
safe to make the statement that the work done by correspondence is 
equal to the work done in class; and I go even further and say that 
there is a larger proportion of high-grade work done by correspondence 
than in class-rooms." 

A STEPPING STONE TO SUCCESS 

To the ambitious young man or woman, there is no business or pro- 
fession that offers so many inducements and yet is so easily acquired 
as Shorthand. To the person of average intelligence, it will be found 
extremely fascinating, as well as lucrative. The field for Shorthand 
work is constantly broadening. Expert Shorthand writers of both 



sexes, in reporting and commercial lines, are in increasing demand and 
their emoluments are received sooner than in any other profession. 

While a college or high-school education is desirable, it is not essen- 
tial to success in Shorthand. Daniel B. Lloyd, who is one of the 
fastest writers in the United States Senate, had few educational ad- 
vantages. His schooling was received when he was between eight and 
thirteen, in a little school in Maryland. 

Hon. George Bruce Cortelyou owes much of his phenomenal success 
to his thorough knowledge of Shorthand. From school teaching, his 
Shorthand helped him through various minor positions until he finally 
reached the highest appointive office in the land. In Mr. William Loeb 
Jr.'s case, Shorthand was also the chief factor in his success. 

The National Association of Shorthand Writers established the fol- 
lowing rates which are recognized in the various State capitals and 
many of the large cities for Shorthand reporting work. $10. a day 
for taking notes and twenty-five cents a folio for the transcript. If 
copies are furnished to both sides in a lawsuit the transcript fee is 
doubled. Few professions can offer such alluring inducements as Short- 
hand affords. 

The chances for the Shorthand writer in business and commerce 
are just as promising as in reporting, law and politics. Many of our 
leading merchant princes, railroad magnates and financiers state that 
their success in business life was due to their knowledge of Short- 
hand. The energetic young man or woman who obtains a position as 
Shorthand secretary in a railroad office, wholesale house or business 
concern, has the best opportunity in the world. The Shorthand secre- 
tary, through his close and intimate relations with the heads, gets a 
more thorough and practical knowledge of every detail of the business 
than could be gotten in any other way. With this knowledge at his 
command, he can make himself of incalculable value to the concern. 



We can confidently assert, that there is no other study to compare with 
Shorthand as a stepping -stone to business success. 

THE STANDARD SYSTEM 

In taking up the study of Shorthand, the student should be sure 
to select a system that is in general use. This is of the utmost im- 
portance if he wishes his study to be of practical value. In applying 
for a position, one of the first questions asked is, " What system do 
you write ? " If you have learned a nondescript system, you stand a 
very poor chance of getting the position. Should you decide to take 
up the study of Shorthand, take only the best. 

Pitman- Graham is recognized the world over as the Standard. The 
world's record for speed is held by a writer of this system. The 
Standard Pitmanic basis as taught here is written by every member 
of the reporting staff of the United States Senate and House of 
Representatives and by 95 per cent of all American and English court 
stenographers. Over 98 per cent of the successful stenographers in 
the United States write this system. 

METHOD OF INSTRUCTION 

Our method of Shorthand instruction is simple, comprehensive and 
practical, making the lessons easier for the pupil to learn than by any 
other method yet devised. It is not necessary for the student to give 
up his position while studying Shorthand. One or two hours a day, 
morning or evening, whichever is convenient, will be quite sufficient. 

The pupil is given practical work from the start. By easy stages, 
he is taught the alphabet, vowels, joining characters, formation of words, 
sentences, phrases, etc., and given abundant dictation. Every lesson 
has its exercises to be worked out by the student. From the very start, 



the lessons are delightfully interesting and so clearly put that the 
student finds no difficulty in understanding them. The student may 
advance just as quickly as his time and opportunity will permit. It is 
to the pupil's advantage, however, to be regular with his lessons. 



STANDARD SHORTHAND 

A Word to the Pupil 

AT the beginning of this Course, we wish to inspire you with the 
fullest confidence in your own ability to comprehend every lesson 
"to be set before you. All we ask of you is: 1. A regular study 
period of one and a half hours each day — you can fix the hours to suit 
yourself — till you reach the stage of dictation. 2. Work with the regular 
ruled paper supplied with this Course and a medium soft pencil. 3. 
Copy out the lessons set for you, repeating aloud the signs as you write 
them and always filling out the line with the signs. Do not stop with 
writing each sign once or twice, but fill out the line. 4. When you 
have finished the lesson, begin again, always filling the line and repeat- 
ing the names of the signs as you write them. Do this for the full 
period of one and a half hours. 5. Remember that if you attended 
shorthand classes under our care, you would be expected to work for 
a much longer period of study, without cessation. 

If you do this faithfully, always reading the lesson first, so as to 
catch the meaning of it, you will have no difficulty whatsoever. Do not 
anticipate by beginning on lessons further ahead. Stick to the lesson 
before you in the regular order. There are two lessons for each week. 
We would advise that at the end of each week, you should devote the 
last half hour to a review of that week's lessons, which you will find 
very helpful in refreshing your memory. 

There is no secret or mystery about shorthand. You will find it 
quite simple and plain throughout, and if you follow the instructions, 
you will be able at the end of the Course to take correspondence dicta- 
tion witb a considerable amount of satisfaction. 



LESSON I 

The Phonetic Alphabet 

A LL exercises should be written on ruled paper, preferably double- 
I\ lined, which will enable the pupil to keep his letters of a uniform 
size. A fine steel pen or a soft pencil should be used. Too great 
care cannot be given to the formation of the shorthand signs. Make 
each character one-sixth of an inch long and as nearly like the copy as 
possible. All light lines should be very light and the heavy ones just 
a shade darker than the light ones and gradually tapering toward the 
ends. Use the utmost care in writing, in order that you may acquire 
a neat as well as a correct style. Don't try for speed ; that only comes 
with familiarity with the characters. Write and rewrite the consonants 
over and over again, repeating the names aloud until you are familiar 
with each sign and its sound. 

The consonants are all written downward with the exception of 
Ray, El and Hay. Ish, Zhee and El are written both upward and 
downward, as may be convenient. A greater slant should be given to 
Ray and Hay than to Chay and Jay. Write twenty times until thor- 
oughly committed to memory: 

Pee Bee Tee Dee Chay Jay Kay Gay Ef Vee Ith Thee Ess Zee Ish Zhee 

\ \ . i I / .'/ - — v. w. c c ) ) j j 

El Lay Ar Ray Em En Ing Way Way Way Yay Yay Yay Hay Iss 

r r ^ /^ w^^c o f u n S 

After you are able to make a good copy of the letters, fill several 
pages with them, writing them at least twenty times. Then practice 
writing them in irregular order: El, Chay, Zee, Hay, Em, etc. It 
should be remembered that all these letters must be called by the names 
given above. For instance, Gay should be pronounced as it is spelled 
and not Jee. Each letter represents a definite phonetic sound and it is 
very important that these should be learned and pronounced correctly. 



Copy the following consonants and write the name of each in long- 
hand. Write twenty times : 



\ ^-(^ J r ~\ . 


^ ; i/- 


^ v^ c ^_ ^ ^ 


_\/ e S* ^ -s 


\y -^ 


^..Ll/w-jr 


^ r ^ Y\ 


f J c < 


■<• ^ 1 KJu.'i 



Write the shorthand characters named below, twelve times, repeating 
their names as you write: 

Pee, Tee, Bee, Ess, Dee, Ish, Ith, Ray, Yay, Ing, Em, Gay, Lay, El, 
Hay, Kay, Jay, Vee, En, Ar, Bee, Zhee, Ef, Chay, Ray, Ith, Zee, Ef, 
Thee, Pee, Gay, Ray, Ish, Zhee, Tee, Ing, Way, Chay, El, Yay, Zee. 



LESSON II 

Joining Consonants 

A LL the consonants in a single word should be written ivithout 
J-\ lifting the pen from the paper, the second stroke beginning where 
the first ends, and so on. The first perpendicular or slanting 
stroke of an outline should rest on the line. It will sometimes happen 
that the stroke farthest away will have to be read first, as in Tee-Jay. 
Seeing that both are written downward, one need never make a mis- 
take in reading them. In writing Eff-En, Vee-Em and similar com- 
binations, an angle should always be made between the strokes; but 
such combinations as Pee-En, Ef-Kay, El-Ess, etc., should have no 
angle, but rather floiv into each other. 

Consonants are written in the same direction when joined as when 
standing alone. Heavy lines are never written upward. 



Write ten times the following outlines of joined consonants: 

Ray-Gay, Em-Zee, Em-Chay, En-Ray, En-Em, Chay-Tee, Ef-En, 
El-Kay, Tee-Ef , Em-Kay, El-Ar, Ef-Kay, El-Ess, Pee-En, El-Ish, 
El-Pee, Ess-Kay, Em-Ar/Pee-Tee-Gay, Ray-El- Vee, Bee-Bee, Hay-En- 
Dee, Em-El- Ar, En-Yay, Hay-Ing, Ess-Ing-Kay. 

Copy the following exercise in shorthand and then write it out in 
longhand ten times: 




REVIEW 

1. What is the difference between El and Lay? 

2. When should the angle be shown between joined letters'? 

3. In what direction are the heavy strokes written 1 ? 

4. Where should the first perpendicular or slanting line rest? 

5. "JVhen should the strokes flow into each other? 

6. What size should the characters be made? 

7. Name the characters that are written upward. 

8. Which two letters have the greatest slant? 



MOTTO OF THE WEEK 
" There's place and means for every man alive." — Shakespeare. 



LESSON NUMBER. 

a. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON III 

Dot and Dash Vowels 

IN shorthand, there are six long and six short vowels represented 
by dots and dashes. The first six are called Lingual, because they 
are pronounced mainly by the tongue, and the other six are called 
Labial, because the lips are mainly used to produce them. These dots 
and dashes are divided into first, second and third place vowels, which 
occupy their distinctive positions at the side of the consonant; viz., 
at the beginning, the middle or the end. These positions are also 
numbered one, two and three, and are counted from the beginning 
of the stroke, thus: 



The vowels have the same sounds as in the words written below, 
" ee " as in " we," " eh " as in " say," etc. The letter T is placed beside 
the vowels in this exercise merely to show the vowel positions : 

ee eh ah i e' a 

1 we say pa it end ask 

When a vowel is placed to the right of a stroke or below the hori- 
zontal letters, it is read after the consonant, and when placed to the 
left or above the horizontal letter, it is read before the consonant. 
Following are examples (write ten times) : 

pay ape jay age no own caw awk bay sham rain hope tall sap see 

V \ / / v ^ _ >— V ^ x- <*\ r- ^ / 

own eat age may say rope not hot nail hay dam rock sage cat bat 



aw 


oh oo 


6 


u 66 


n 


-l J 


"I 


-i J 


awe 


owe too 


on 


up foot 



In writing an exercise, read aloud your letters and signs as you 
write them. After it is written, read it over and see whether you have 
properly applied the rules already laid down for joining consonants 
and placing vowels. After writing your shorthand, put the English 
aside and read from your shorthand notes. After a little experience, 
you will find them easy enough to decipher. Practice this frequently, 
until you can read correctly. 

Write this exercise in longhand. (Key in Lesson V) : 

/- c-^i 'n ^<\ ^-^\ e j< ^ v <)■ ^ y 
\\ i- > ^ v o - •- ~ '/ .r .) r 

Write this in shorthand ten times: 

Say, do, you, me, bat, he, she, knee, so, page, know, am, rat, aim, 
ray, pay, pig, name, hen, son, hay, hot, may, nay, root, thaw, law, note, 
raw, snow, ass, too, fear, at, pa, cat, ma, who, mail, saying, rope, sit, 
coat, wren, ran, doing, pail, said, run, cot, man, nail, come, ram, goat, 
dam, gun, shoot, hat, boot, tape, rock, made, range, money, honey, rain, 
rum, beer, cage, sage, range, owing, lame. 

The following is a list of vowel word-signs which should be com- 
mitted to memory. Write twenty times: 

All already ought of or on two oh who to but should tho a and 
.... ..... - \ i / \ i / . . 



T 



LESSON IV 

Diphthongs or Double Vowels 

HERE are four diphthongs or double vowels in shorthand, repre- 
sented by small, angular signs. They are as follows (write 
twelve times) : 

I Oi Ow Eu as in eyed toil bow cue Wi as in wife 

v i *i a J 1 r v. -,■ > \. 



The direction of these signs does not change, no matter what the 
angle of the consonant. The sign " I " should always open upward, 
" Oi " and " Ow " downward and " Eu " should open to the right. 
When the junction is convenient, initial I may be joined to a following 
consonant. The pronoun I may be joined to any following word by 
one stroke, which may be written according to convenience. The sound 
" Wi " as in " wife " is indicated by a small right angle. Write these 
examples ten times: 

I am, I do, I think, I will, wide, wine, wife 

^ 1. i r * i ^ \. 

All first place, and long second place vowels, occurring between 
letters, are written after the first consonant. All third place and short 
second place vowels are written before the second consonant. Commit 
this rule to memory. Write the following examples twelve times, 
reading the words aloud as you write: 

beam king tick tall doll mire make roam car' bat idol rock rude 
rope sop rag neck love house pipe ring rang money boiled poor 



Write these sentences in shorthand ten times, using the sign words 
where italicised : 

I will build a house of wood. How many years old are you ? John 
wrote two letters on Monday. We should not owe money to others. 
Who put all this paper on the table? Have they gone already? The 
man knew they put oil on the water near the bow of the ship. Eggs 
should be boiled three minutes if you want them soft. My wife and I 
are going home at ten to-night. Send me a man to cut the hay. Don't 
bat the ball into the mire. See how thick the snow lies on the walk. 

r 

REVIEW 

1. On which side of the consonant should a vowel be written to be 

read after the stroke? 

2. Why are some vowels written light and others dark? 

3. Where is a first place vowel written? 

4. Where would you write a second place vowel after a horizontal 

stroke ? 

5. Where would you write a first place vowel preceding Hay? 

6. Which diphthongs may be joined to the stroke that follows? 

7. Where should first and long second place vowels, occurring be- 

tween letters, be written? 

8. Where should all third place and short second place vowels, 

occurring between strokes, be written? 

MOTTO OF THE WEEK 

" When night hath set her silver lamp on high ; then is the time for 
study." — Bailey. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON V 

Uses of Ef, Vee, El Lay 

TTTHEN standing alone, L is ahvays written upward; when joined 
\\ to other strokes, it may be written either upward or down- 
ward, according to convenience. When written upward, it is 
called Lay and downward, El. Lay (upward) should be used when it is 
the only stroke consonant in the word, and for initial L, unless El 
(downward) would make an easier junction. Lay is usually written 
when it precedes a final vowel. Write this exercise ten times : 

folly rely pull ball shall large people play doll only like long 

(r / \Zv^ r 9 V * r ^ .cl- £> 

After Ef, Vee, Bay and Yay, write Lay or El according as L is or 
is not followed by a vowel. After En, Ing, Ish, Zhay and Iss-Kay, use 
El whether a vowel follows or not. In all other cases, use Lay, whether 
a vowel follows or not. 

Write in long hand, six times: 

Write in shorthand six times, using word-signs where indicated : 

Don't trouble other people; learn to rely chiefly on yourself. The 
lazy little man laid the long pole along the ground. Play ball, cried 
the people on the seats. It is folly to put large letters on small labels. 



Please mail the bill to William Small, master of the school. The mail 
man pulled our bell on Monday night. Let us go away early ta-night. 
Now, don't be lazy, John, but get to work. Jane, call the cat into the 
house. Don't drive a nail into that plank. The cow took a long drink 
from the pail. 

Learn these word-signs thoroughly. Write at least twelve times, 
repeating aloud: 

by, be, to be, each which much if for few ever have however sea 

>_. \ v -^ / -/-- —^ -^ - ^ -*-*• •-- 

so us thee they though hear are our why way away she shall usual 

KEY OF SHORTHAND EXERCISE IN LESSON III 

Rake, hate, made, wrote, soap, rope, John, show, low, day, say, may, 
saw, be, pay, do, so, row, bow, thaw, key, ache, know, each, eel, me, ass, 
ail, old, tape, had, rat, snow, nail, pail, ran, coat, note, sang. 



LESSON VI 

Uses of Ar and Bay 

AFTER an initial vowel, use Ar (down stroke), except when the 
junction with the following consonant would be difficult. At 
"the end of words (except after En or Ith) Ray (up stroke) is 
usually employed preceding a final vowel (as in row and fury) ; and it 
is used for R at the beginning of such words as race and rear, unless 
the second consonant is Em or some consonant that cannot be easily 
joined. Use Ray following an initial vowel, when Ar cannot be con- 
veniently employed. In cases of two Rs at the end of a word, use Ray 
doubled in length. 



Write this exercise ten times: 



Ar-Era arch urge arrange earth rarer terror error aurora creek 

v-n ^ ) sy ^t ^ \/ ■ >> ^ ~s~~ 

Write in longhand six times, this exercise (Key in Lesson VII) : 




H may be expressed by the consonant sign or by a light dot or by a 
small tick, according to convenience. The H dot should be written by 
the side of the dot vowels and above the dash vowels, as shown below. 
Write ten times: 

manhood loophole house hand head heap handy hope hall hang him 

"^i r^r J H J \ Hr a ?r o -^ 

The dot should be read in connection with the vowel as : He, Hay, 
Hah. The H tick is written either to right and downward or to left 
and downward, according to convenience. Write this exercise fifteen 
times : 

hazy ham hall hear hither holly hem hydra Hebrew hiss hence 

•5 -s-^- *> ? r ^ -w v< j <-? 

Write the following sentences in shorthand eight times: 

Let us hope the day will not be hazy. The rude man shook his head 
as he left the hall. The blind woman can hardly hear us here. Don't 



strain yourself by lifting heavy weights. Hickory nuts are usually 
very hard to crack. Plenty outdoor sport makes one healthy. 



REVIEW 

1. Would you use El or Lay in the word " life " ? 

2. When standing alone, which should be used, El or Lay? 

3. How can you tell El and Lay apart? 

4. Which form of L usually carries a final vowel? 

5. When should Ray be used at the end of words? 

6. Which form of R is usually used after an initial voweH 

7. When should Ar be used at the beginning of a word ? 

8. How many signs in shorthand expressing the letter H? 



MOTTO OF THE WEEK 

" There is unspeakable pleasure attending the life of a voluntary 
student." — Goldsmith. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



T 



LESSON VII 

Uses of the Short Sign for Way 

HE brief Way sign is joined at the beginning of consonant strokes 
as a hook to Lay, El, Ray, Em and En and at an angle to all 
other strokes. Write this exercise twelve times: 



vail wore wine wedge we'ek wet woke wave weighed acquire twain 

The brief Way sign is used in the vowel places to indicate W com- 
bined with a vowel sound. The sign should be heavy for long vowels, 
and light for short ones. When Way is combined with dot vowels it 
should open to the right, and when combined with dash vowels, to the 
left. Write twelve times: 

We Wa Wa Wi We Wa Wan Woh Woo Wo Wu Woo 

•i a j c \ a j i h j i a j 

sweat watch walk wood railway sweep swine swing swelter swear 
Write in longhand several times : 




Write in shorthand eight times, using the Way sign: 

Last week we walked seven miles in the wet. Which wheel did you 
say came off the wagon? What did you do when you went to Wash- 
ington? Winter will soon be over and the wild flowers here. Some 
pigeons have white wings and breasts. The wanton shooting of birds 
is wicked. 

Commit these word-signs to memory. Write fifteen times, repeat- 
ing aloud as you write: 

it at do had advantage common come give together think thank 

'--I- '-i- ' -■ - --- - < -(- 

was use will whole thing language (me my) (am may him) 

The same sign applies to me and my, and next sign applies to am, 
may and him. 

KEY TO EXERCISE IN LESSON VI 

Arrayed in his Sunday suit, he ran away in terror. The arch broke 
through an error of the builder. Leaning on his arm, she watched the 
aurora. Don't urge the animal too much. He is tired. 






T 



LESSON VIII 

Uses of the Short Sign for Yay 

HE brief sign Yay is used at the beginning of consonant 
strokes, but always at an angle. Write this exercise ten 
times : 

yellow pale yoke yawn yore yam year yearling yarn yule 

The Yay sign may also be written in vowel places giving the sound 
of Y and the vowel combined. Write ten times : 

Yee Yeh Yah Yi Ye Ya Yaw Yoh Yoo Yo Yu Y66 

"I -I J "I 4 J n ( *! J 1 "I J 

year Yale yell yam your young youth unite yes yowl 

-i r- r" -.- a ^ ,< H" -) „r 

Write in shorthand the following, copying the characters and speak- 
ing them aloud, six times: 




Write in shorthand, eight times, using the Yay and Way signs : 

The boys yelled for Yale. The young men took the yoke upon them- 
selves. The walls of the Union church were white and yellow. Yule- 



tide comes but once a year. Did you say your name is Ulysses? He 
sailed for Yokohama, Wednesday of last Week. 

REVIEW 

1. How is the Way sign used to express the sound of Way com- 

bined with a vowel? 

2. How is Way joined to a stroke? 

3. Is Yay ever used as a hook? 

4. How do you tell the difference between the Way and the Yay 

sign? 

5. How do you tell the difference between short and long vowels? 

MOTTO OF THE WEEK 

" Blessed is he who has found his work ; let him ask no other blessed- 
ness. He has a work, a life-purpose ; he has found it and will follow 
it."— Carlyle. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON IX 

Iss and Ses 

SAND Z, on account of their frequent occurrence, are represented 
by small circles, as well as by their outline strokes, the circles 
being more convenient for joining consonants. When written alone 
or joined to consonants not forming an angle, the circle should be made 
with a left motion (opposite to that of the hands of a clock). When S 
occurs between strokes, it is written in the position most convenient. 
The S circle at the beginning of a word is always read first, but last 
when at the end of a word. The vowels are read in their regular 
order, remembering, however, that an initial circle is always read first 
and a final circle always read last. Write these ten times : 

S st sks srs hs sfs sis srs sms tsk psk msk nsm fsl nsld msls 
lsl f sk up sup days fay face those blows chosen mall small nail 

**" U_ a \ k v^k. c- V<" <6<-^c^"V 



The sign for ss and sz as in faces, dresses, etc., is represented by a 
circle twice the size of the S circle, and the same rules apply to it as to 
the smaller circle. When a vowel comes between the two esses, as in 
system, the vowel may be written within the circle. Write eight times : 

face faces pace paces nest necessity necessary tosses system 



When a word begins or ends with a vowel, or where no other con- 
sonant occurs in a word, or where the first S is followed by a vowel, 
the s stroke should be used, as in easy, saw, used, says, size, etc. Write 
ten times: 



sleep asleep puss pussy noise noisy Esmond assume saw says" 

r\ .r\ v .> ^ *7 a^ .j-* r > 

Write in shorthand: 

Always sup soup with a spoon. First-class stocks and bonds are 
considered good securities. Six of the students are pursuing a science 
course. Spring is the time to sow seed if you want summer flowers. 
The girls went shopping and purchased several new style dresses. 

Write in longhand : 

"> ■ v_; *_^, x ^ e * 

The following are word-signs. Learn them thoroughly. Write 
twelve times. 

eubjeci because several these this those themselves is-his 

K -m c ..£„ c -6- 6 

as*-has hers ours ourselves myself himself impossible your 
yourself yourselves influence he first any (know no) own 

* Star means same sign applies to both words. 



Vfl jf ^ -,^ 


r~M ' 


— 1 ^-" *" 


-o /i v~ r^ 


J r\ >*-=> t 


v"^ re a & 



s 



LESSON X 

St and Str Loops 

T as in steam and test, is represented by a loop half the length of 
the consonant, and Str as in stream and mister, by a loop two- 
thirds the length of the consonant. Write twelve times: 



steam stream must muster bust buster stack strike strife fist 

V7~*\ <7\ ^> '~7D \> \> <=> — '■ <=*— - ^ ^> 

The circle is added to final St or Str loop in the following manner. 
Write ten times: 

masters busts busters fists tastes plasters fast faster last 
Write following in longhand: 



^-r ^w *~i v_ v c/— 1 <^ n v^> 



X 



Write the following in shorthand four times, using joined sign- 
words where they occur, as indicated in italics: 



The police hope that for a time at least there will be a decrease in 
the number of burglaries on the West Side, because late last night they 
succeeded in rounding up five men who have had a hand in the jobs. 
The men were arraigned yesterday in the West Side court and all of 
them were held. Two of the men were caught with the goods", while 
another was caught by a woman who held him until the policeman came. 



REVIEW 

1. In what direction is Iss written? 

2. Which is read first in a word beginning with a vowel, the circle 

or the vowel? 

3. When written at the end of a word is Ess read before or after 

the vowel? 

4. What is the difference between Ses and Iss? 

5. In what direction is Ses written? 

6. When should the stroke consonant be used for Ess? 

7. On which side should the loop be written? 



MOTTO OF THE WEEK 

" There is an art of reading as well as an art of thinking, and an 
art of writing." — Isaac Disraeli. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 






LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER.. 



LESSON XI 

The Initial Hooks 

A S you advance in your studies, you meet with various expedients 
l\ for shortening the writing, in order to avoid putting down the 
"** -^"longer forms of the consonants. You have already had the short- 
ening by the use of the S circles, large and small. Next in order come 
the hooks, and the first to be considered are the initial hooks (at the 
beginning of a consonant) which add the sounds of L and R to the 
consonant. Thus, P becomes PI and T, Tl, as the case may be. 

A small hook at the beginning and on the right side of any conso- 
nant stroke (except M, N, Ing, S, Z, W, H, L, R), indicates that L is 
added to the consonant. Zhel and Shel have their L hooks at the bottom 
and are always written upivards. Write ten times : 

pi f 1 chl kl thl shl tl pr tr chr kr f r thr shr ior nr 



R added to any consonant (except S, Z, L, R, M, N, Ing, W, Y, H), 
is indicated by making the hook on the left-hand side of the consonant. 
Sher and Zher are always written downward and have their hooks at 
the top. When the R hook is added to M and N, the letters are made 
heavier. The L and R hooks may also be employed in uniting con- 
sonants, where the sound of R or L requires to be added, as in people, 
matter, fatal. A vowel written before a consonant with a hook should 
be read first; a vowel written after a consonant with a hook is read last, 
unless S follows, which is always final. Write ten times: 

eater tree offer apple plea flea over civil saddle cycle close 

1 * ^ s, s; c ^ <L f 

Write in shorthand the following paragraph: 



My dear, said Mr. Winter, you should learn to care for others. 
The young medical doctor received bis degree from the college. Ball- 
playing develops the muscles of the body. Some girls are very skillful 
at trimming bats and dressmaking. Let me remark tbat the old flint- 
lock rifle, wbile good in its day, is now a back number. 

New word-signs. Write ten times: 
Princioal able number truth dear during (which wiLlJ difficult 

through (they will) 



care from over (ever very) either their other through (they 
surely pleasure when one near manner while well weare where aware 

* Star means same sign applies to both words. 






LESSON XII 

Iss Prefixed to Hooks 

THE S circle is prefixed to a hook, as shown in the examples that 
follow. In the case of the R hook, Iss, Ses or St should be pre- 
fixed by writing the large or small circle or the loop on the R or 
left side of the letter. Iss or St written on the left-hand side carries 
R with it, as in strip, Str being read -first, then the consonant ; whereas 
stop is written St-P with the loop on the right. 

Where a vowel occurs between the consonant and the hook, the 
vowel should be struck through the consonant, as in Portia, where it is 
written Pr-Sh with the struck through the P; in bald the Aw is 
struck through the B ; in Folsom, the is struck through the F. Fol- 
lowing the same rule, where the dominant vowel is a dot, instead of a 
dash, the vowel is written as a small circle, indicating that it is to be 
read after the consonant and before the hook, as in Charles, pail, chair, 
etc. Write ten times: 

sop sober spray stop strop said straw sister cider destroy 

■\ a \ -\ -\ f r <j i £ 

disaster scrape prosper execrable subscribe describe jasper 

express sinner chair pail Charles tsk tskr sp spr psp pspr 

chsp chspr stp stpr psk pskr sap sspr ply supply mystery distress 

( { \ °\ l v n r r t { 

Write in shorthand four times: 

Do be careful, my dear Mr. Barker, or the child will fall. Well do 
I remember the case of the poor child who fell down the cistern. 



Charlie, bring that letter back, it belongs to Mr. Smith. She sat in 
her little blue rocker greedily eating a dill pickle. I offered the child 
an apple, but she preferred the vinegar taste. 

Write in longhand six times: 




REVIEW 

1. On which side is the L hook made? 

2. When is it made at the bottom of a letter? 

3. How do we know it is the L hook when it is written at the 

bottom of a letter? 

4. How is the R hook added to M and Nf 

5. With what consonants is the R hook written on the right-hand 

side? 

6. Explain how initial S is combined with the R hook. 

7. Explain how initial S is combined with the L stroke. 

8. Are the hooks ever employed between consonants? 



MOTTO OF THE WEEK 

" The art of a thing is, first its aim, and next its manner of accom- 
plishment." — C. N. Bovee. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 






LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON XIII 

The Final Hooks 

IN writing shorthand, you will occasionally make outlines which, 
although shorter, are not as easily read as the somewhat longer 
forms. As you progress you will become familiar with all forms, 
long and short ; but it is a good rule to stick to the form which has the 
greatest legibility. In other words, shorthand ceases to be useful, un- 
less you can read it readily and reliably. If you follow these studies 
closely, you will never fail to read your notes. 

N and F are represented by final hooks, F being written on the 
right side of straight lines, and N on the left. The F hook when thick- 
ened, takes the sound of V. N may be added to any curved consonant 
by a small final hook on the inside of the curve. V is never added to a 
curved letter. A vowel written after a letter with a final hook, is read 
before the hook. Words with final vowels should be written with the 
last consonant long instead of shortened as a hook. Write ten times : 

Ben Benny -pen penny ton done rain rainy bone brain phone shone 
line men thin son frown flown money profess terrify free fury 

As you advance in your studies, you will find it practicable to omit 
many of the vowels and to write the words in the first, second or third 
vowel positions, viz., above the line, on the line and through the line. 
M in the first position would be me or my; in the second position it 
would be may, and in the third position Ma. S-Ing in the first position 
would be sing; in the third position, sung. Whenever you think that 
there will be any difficulty in reading, always use the vowel. Such 
words as tree, road, etc., can easily be read without vowelizing, as the 
context in most cases suggests the word. 



Write in shorthand, six times : 

Laying down his pen, the man told ns all that happened that day. 
With a frown, Fanny glared at Ben who poked fun at bunny. Not 
being able to call, on account of the rainy day, Dan got Fred on the 
phone. John, please notify the tenant that his rent is long overdue. 
The train ran around the curve at a high rate of speed. 

New word-signs, learn thoroughly. Write twelve times: 

before remembrance whatever truthful different done down 
V ^ t I I J j_ 

again careful gave generally even within then than men man 

-^ «— _ • l J. c .. 6 . .7. -o 

become capable opinion known capability disadvantage familiar 

forever influential never investigation knowledge nevertheless 
\_ ^/ -^ —*e -7 S£ 



LESSON XIV 

Final Hooks — Continued 

SIS added to a final hook by writing a small circle within the. hook, 
without lifting the pen. Never add a large circle or a loop to an 
F hook. S, SS or St may be added to the N hook by writing them 
in the place of the N hook. Observe the uniformity of this rule: you 
have already seen in the last lesson how the circle on the left-hand side 
adds R, as in stray; now with the N hook, when it is desired to add 
the final S, the N hook takes a circular form and is then written Ns as 
in tins, pins, cans, etc. In other words, the circle or loop made on the 
N side carries N with it. Between consonants, the circle represents 
only S. Write ten times: 

proves scoffs strives chance runs cans residence danced buster 

V «-* % </ , ye -o ^i I VS 

spinster spinsters ransom gainsaid destiny moons scenes 

Write in shorthand, four times: 

When dining, John dropped his spoon which bounced upon the floor. 
The dog pounced upon it, hut after many cuffs and rebuffs, John gained 
it and punished the dog for the offense. Trains weighing tons passed 
over the culvert which was pronounced safe by scientific men. The 
prisoner offered no violence when summoned before the vigilance society. 

Write in longhand, eight times : 

<r^ s^/ ^^ ^4 n \ 







REVIEW 

1. Does the F hook ever have any other sound than F? 

2. On which side is the N hook written 1 ? 

3. Should words with final vowels be written with the N hook? 

4. How is the N hook added to a curved sign*? 

5. Is the vowel read before or after the final hook? 

6. How is s added to a final hook? 

7. May a large circle or a loop be added to the F hook? 

8. What form does the N hook take when S is added? 

9. How is St added to an N hook? 



MOTTO OF THE WEEK 
" There are more men ennobled by study than by nature." — Cicero. 






LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON XV 

The Shon and Tiv Hooks 

THERE are two large hooks called Shon and Tiv which we must 
next take up in their order. They are usually final, but not 
always, as these syllables sometimes occur in the middle of a 
word. Shon is always written on the right side of perpendicular- and 
slanting consonants and on the upper side of horizontal letters. Tiv 
is written on the left-hand side of perpendicular and slanting conso- 
nants and on the lower side of the horizontal letters. On the curved 
consonants, Shon is written within the curve. Tiv is never used with a 
curved letter. Write twelve times : 

passion operation intrusion provocation provocative operative 
nutrition edition vocative vocation fashions missions visionary 
attractiveness activity occasion educational national destruction 

.1^, -? ' 43 lS sif {^ 



DICTATION EXERCISE 

In taking dictation, first copy out the exercise carefully in short- 
hand, so as to familiarize yourself with the characters. Then have 
some one to dictate very slowly the same dictation from the English, 
while you write it in shorthand. Then read aloud your notes to the 
dictator. You will find this slow work at first, but persevere and take 
the same dictation over and over again, at least ten times until you 
get the forms absolutely correct. Don't try for speed, but solely for 
correctness and legibility. Use the following for a dictation exercise : 



Athens, N. Y., June 3, 1804. 
The James Smith Belting Company, 
Buffalo, N. Y. 

Gentlemen : On August 2 we sent you our order No. 6791 for one 
6-in. leather belt 18 ft. in length, your No. 563, to be shipped direct pre- 
paid. We asked you to notify us on receipt of this order when you 
would make shipment, which we are anxious to have made as promptly 
as possible. We have as yet heard nothing from you. 

Will you please acknowledge this order at once, and state when 
shipment will be made, if indeed you have not already made it ? 

Yours very truly, 

Amsden & Gerry. 

Write out the following in longhand several times (key in Lesson 
XVII) : 



* " " * 






J 



cr~ . ^ ^ "^ ^ ^^ * (v <r- x . ^t^k r 



LESSON XVI 

The Eshon Hook 

SHON may also be added to a circle or loop by a small hook. It is 
then known as the Eshon hook and is the only one of its kind, so 
is easily remembered. Write ten times: 

decision position transition administration musician vexation 
Opposition transitional compression equalization sensation 
Write in longhand the following exercise: 

r • h . ^~] i it" a ^ ■ -V > ' ^ ' f v 

Word-signs, learn thoroughly. Write twenty times: 
objection subjection objective subjective acknowledge anything 

irregular new now notwithstanding object peculiar probable refer 

"L. -/^ 4- -\ v_ \ A. 

reference regular remarkable represent represented representation 

xu' ^-. *> ^ s\ ^ 

representative something transgress whenever wherever highly 

S$> ^-^ 3_p *-V. ~^. /" 



Write in shorthand, three times: 

The Commissioner of Emigration took occasion to explain his posi- 
tion. The attractiveness of his vocation was the cause of his devotion 
to his work to the exclusion of recreation. The section hand was the 
plaintiff in the action against the railroad corporation. In spite of 
the opposition, the musician declared that his execution was exceptional. 

Write in shorthand the following, several times : 

Write ten words from the dictionary containing the Shon hook. 
Write ten words from the dictionary with Tiv coming between the 
consonants. Write ten ivords from the dictionary containing Eshon 
as final. Write ten words from the dictionary with Shon followed by a 
consonant. 

REVIEW 

1. On which side of a horizontal letter is Shon written? 

2. On which side of a curved letter is Shon written? 

3. Is Tiv ever joined to a curved letter? 

4. Are the Shon 2nd Tiv hooks always final? 

5. Are circles and loops ever added to the Shon and Tiv hooks ? 



MOTTO OF THE WEEK 
"Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm." — Emerson. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 



E 



LESSON XVII 

Thickened and Double-Length Letters 

M is made heavier to indicate the addition of the sounds of P or 
B. This sign may take an N or Shon hook, but no initial hook. 
Write ten times: 



swamp impostor humbug romp impose embezzle ambition lamp camp 

Another labor-saving expedient is lengthening consonants. By 
doubling the length of Ing, ker or ger is added, but doubling any other 
curved stroke adds tr, dr or thr. Write ten times: 

thinker hunger longer father mother older laughter thunder 
floater anchored fielder slaughtered winter rendered water 

The character Mp should be lengthened to express mpr or mbr. 
Write in longhand, eight times: 



't> 



\t 



(See key on next page.) 






Write this exercise out in shorthand carefully. Then write it to 
dictation in shorthand four times: 



East Orange, N. J., June 17, 1905. 
The Bengal Fire Ins. Co., 

Easton, Pa. 

Gentlemen: At the instance of several persons of consideration 
and influence, I am induced to make application for an agency of your 
company. 

I have a real-estate office; and in connection with my labor in this 
direction I am led to believe that I can advance your interests, as well 
as my own, and also benefit this community by representing your well- 
known institution. 

I am prepared to give satisfactory security and references, and re- 
quest the favor of your early reply. 

Yours very truly, 

Thomas Reynolds. 



Write in shorthand, four times : 

Father told Walter that by another winter, another hunter would 
wander over in yonder swamp. The scamp entered the room and blew 
out the lamp. He told him that he would get better shooting there 
and that the birds would be fatter later in the season. 



KEY TO SHORTHAND EXERCISE ON PRECEDING PAGE 

The drunkard, in spending the money, left his family in want. Taking 
the meat from the butcher, the old man made his way back to the damp 
house under the hill. Hunger had played havoc with the doomed man, 
who lay stretched out on the bed. The leader led the men back to the 
oamp where they were to be court martialled. 



KEY TO SHORTHAND EXERCISE IN LESSON XV 

Detroit, Mich., April 16, 1907. 
The Hamilton Shirt Co., 

Boston, Mass. 
Gentlemen: I understand you sell. men's furnishings by mail. Have 
you anything that will show fully what you offer? I wish to buy but 
would like full information in regard to what I purchase, and also 
would like to know if I may return anything I don't like. 
An early reply will oblige, Yours truly, 

Harry M. Samson. 

LESSON XVIII 

Halving to Add T or D 

BY shortening consonants, either T or D is added. In the case 
of M, N, L or R, the letters are made thick or thin to indicate 
either T or D, as the case may be. Thus by halving, the word 
" add " becomes " added " ; pot, potted ; net, netted, etc. Vowels placed 
before the half length letters are read first and those placed after half 
length letters are read after the shortened letter, and before the added 
T or D. Final hooks are also read before the added T or D. Iss is 
always read last, no matter what precedes. Write eight times: 

don't sent mind hand land band sand told made kind sold date 

rapid fate vowed prayed played wind went stated replied contrived 
^ Vl ^ v V ** <* «P s^" V 

ancient skate bold lived aimed seated deemed heart planned midst 
n^ ^ \ /x ^ 7 L -> *• ^ 

drifts wisdom midnight lifted indeed rented f actionists 
1> >-^ ~ f\ *~T ^1 V_J 

In a few instances st may be written upwards, as in factionist and 
Salvationist, to avoid changing the whole outline. 



Write in shorthand, six times: 

He leered at us as he mumbled, and his whole attitude was one of 
hate. The revolutionists fired on the fort; their bullets hitting pit-a- 
pat on its walls. Forty-five men were rounded up with the aid of the 
hounds. Seated on a stone bench, Pat aimed the rifle at the target, 
sending five rapid shots at the bull's eye. On the date mentioned, the 
students met and played their opponents, defeating them. Lumber be- 
ing high, the builder contrived to make use of second-hand material. 

New word-signs, write twelve times : 
particular opportunity (till it) told (until it) (it will not) 

A. < -C. f --F-- * 

toward (did not) don't (had not) gentlemen gentleman quite could 



according cared cannot account good God that without astonish 
.S7. — .'.IT.. -=> ..T- - ..*.. c .---■ 



establish (is it) (as it) used world heard might made somewhat 
immediately put spirit rather matter 



"^ 



REVIEW 

1. To what letters are P and B added by thickening? 

2. What syllables are added by lengthening consonants? 

3. What syllables are added to Ing when it is lengthened? 

4. Why are some letters made half length? 

5. Is the final T or D in a half length letter read before or after 

the initial hook? 

6. Are final hooks read before or after the added T in a half length 

consonant ? 

MOTTO OF THE WEEK 
"Work first, and then rest." — Buskin. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON XIX 

Ticks and Dots 

THE " is joined to a preceding or following" word by a tick writ- 
ten upward or downward, like the slant of Pee or Cbay. Write 
ten times: 

for-the in-the which-the of -the to-the on-the but-the the-first 

S w / * > * * 

"A," " an," "or," "and" are joined to the preceding or following 
word by a horizontal or perpendicular tick, whichever may be most con- 
venient. Write twelve times : 

ln-a is-a or-a but-a and-the and-a to-a of-a and-if-a 
*- 7 n } ^~n 

" On " and " should " are usually written downward when written 
alone, and upward when joined to other words. 

A light dot immediately preceding a consonant stroke signifies 
" Con," or " Com," and a heavy one " Accom." Write twelve times : 

conscience committee convey construct accompany accommodate 
community accomplish accompaniment companion comrade compel 

At first you may not be able to recall some of the shorter forms of 
writing words, so do not hesitate to write them in the longer forms. 
Ease in the use of the shorter forms will come with practice. Besides, 
it is always better for beginners to use those forms they can read most 



easily. If you will commit to memory every day, four of the short 
forms, writing them, pronouncing them, and thinking them, you will 
soon be able to have them ready when the occasion demands. Take 
frequent dictation. Get some one to dictate letters to you, and to read 
slowly to you newspaper paragraphs. When you reach this point, take 
your note-book with you to some sermon or lecture, and take down as 
well as you can, complete sentences by the speaker. Of course, you 
will find at first that you cannot take more than a sentence here and 
there. Possibly you may be able to get two or three sentences together. 
By and by, you will be gratified to find how much you can take down. 
When you get home, write out your notes in longhand. If you have 
been careful, you will have very little difficulty in making out prac- 
tically all of the shorthand. 

Write out in longhand : 



c ^ V, 


> \, ^% 


*S V 


C s 1 


K ^ >> - 


V 


i J - 


u ^- 




Write in shorthand : 

Since the house was not large enough to accommodate the family, 
the father made himself a committee of one, to arrange for the con- 
struction of a more commodious dwelling. After flagging the train, 
the accommodating conductor on the Connecticut road saw that we had 
comfortable seats. The Commercial Company's agent laid a complaint 
before the commanding officer, charging the absconding accountant and 
his accomplice with confiscating the cash of the Commercial Company. 

Exercise for dictation. Write four times: 

Brooklyn", N. Y., Feb. 22, 1907. 
My Dear Mrs. Tallman : I have been notified that the taxes on your 
lot at Moriches have not been paid and the lot will be sold for taxes 



next week. I presume that for some reason the tax notices have not 
reached you and that you have overlooked the matter. If you wish, I 
will send my check for the amount — now $10.75, including some fines 
and fees— and you may remit to me at your convenience. 

Please let me hear from you as soon as possible, as the time is short. 

Yours very truly, 

Alexander Robinson. 



LESSON XX 

Dots and Ticks — Continued 

ALIGHT dot after a letter signifies " Ing." This dot should be 
employed only as an affix, that is where it stands as a syllable 
by itself at the end of a word, as in sing-ing, ring-ing, walk-ing, 
hunt-ing, etc., but in such cases as ring, sing, king, wing, and fling, 
the outline consonant " ing " should be used. The affix Ing, followed by 
"the," is expressed by writing the "the" tick in the place of the 
" ing " dot. Ing followed by " a " or " an " is expressed by writing the 
" a " tick in the place of the Ing dot. Write twelve times : 

doing flying running saying eating eating-a telling-the giving-a 
sending-the leaving-the con struct ing-a following-the driving-a 

Dictation exercise {four times) : 

Dayton, O., February 27, 1897. 
McDermot Publishing Co., 

Springfield, Ohio. 

Gentlemen: Kindly send us by Adams Express, at earliest possi- 
ble date, the following books: 



12 First Steps in Reading. 
12 Junior Spellers. 
18 Smith's Advanced Arithmetics. 
24 Composition Story Books. 
We thank you for your promptness in filling our former orders. 
Enclose bill at your very best rate, and oblige, 

Yours very truly, 

Walter W. Rogers, Prin., 

Union Public School, No. 6. 

Word-signs. Learn thoroughly. Write sixteen times: 
mind (may not) not nature naturally under inorder acknowledge 

afterward forward inconsistent indiscriminate indispensable 

v ^ ^P ^_ -\ 

intelligence intelligent intelligible interest onward practicable 
transcript understand understood important impose throughout 

REVIEW 

1. In what direction are the ticks for the and a made? 

2. How is Con written and in what order is it read? 

3. When should the Ing dot be used? 

4. How are Ing-the and Ing-a written? 

5. What does a heavy dot at the beginning of a stroke signify? 

6. When should the consonant Ing be used? 

7. How else may The be written than by a tick? 

MOTTO OF THE WEEK 
" Strike while the iron is hot." — Scott, 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSOX XXI 



Prefixes 

SIGN prefixes are designed to save time and labor of writing in full 
many words in common use, whose outlines would be difficult or 
tedious. In cases where the word may be difficult to read, or con- 
fused with some other word, write the outline in full. The following 
and subsequent lists must be thoroughly learned by heart, so that they 
can be read quickly and correctly. Write twenty times: 



Accomodate [♦ 
Circumstances / 
Conscience <1* 
Contradict t 
Decompose *^» 
Foreknowledge VT7 



Incomplete v "^' 
Introduce w t< 
Irreconcilable ^1\ 
Magnify Tfe. 

Misconduct L 
Noncommittal V" 



Nonconducting, if. 
Recommend -■***> 
Selfrespect ^u 
Uncontrolled wy» 
Unrecognised *"$-* 



Explanation of prefixes in the above : 

Accom. Dot at beginning. 

Circum. Iss, written beside first stroke. 

Con , Com, Cog. Light dot at beginning. 

Contra, Contro, Counter. Tick at beginning. 

Decom, Disco m, Discon. Dee, written near word. 

For-e. Ef, written near word. 

I neon, Incom, Incog. En, above line or partly over word. 

Inter, Intro. Xet, in any position before word. 

Irrecon. R, written near rest of word. 

Magna, Magni. M, written over word. 



Miscon, Miscom. M-Iss, written above word. 

Noncom, Noncon. Nen, written over or through stroke. 

Becon, Becom, Becog. Ray, written near word. 

Self. Iss, written beside first stroke. 

Uncon, Uncom. En, on line near word. 

TJnrecon, TJnrecom, Unrecog. Ner, partly over word. 

Write in shorthand carefully: 

The International Congress recognized the incompatibility of dis- 
continuing all warfare and introduced a resolution recommending par- 
tial disarmament. The magician contrived many interesting tricks 
which completely mystified his uncommonly large audience. Forearmed 
with self-respect and a clear conscience, the unrecognized man intro- 
duced himself to the constable, who had reckoned upon his being an 
accomplice. They recognized the fact that owing to the incompetency 
of the clerk, whose conduct was irreconcilable with good management, 
accommodations could not be had. Misconduct and incompetence, ac- 
companied by circumstantial evidence, contrary to that incomprehensi- 
ble statement made by the defense, compelled the judge to decide upon 
committal. 

Dictation exercise (four times) : 

1674 Union Sq., June 1, 1902. 
Mrs. Julia D. Baldwin, 

Babylon, N. Y. 
Dear Madam: In accordance with your request of May 15, we 
take pleasure in sending you our spring catalogue under separate cover, 
including a large variety of sample pieces of summer dress goods, 
representing all the latest and prettiest weaves. 

We believe that we carry the largest line of high grade dress goods 
in this country, and the name " Johnson " is a synonym for excellence 
at a moderate price. If you will write us more in detail, we shall have 
the greatest pleasure in assisting you to make a suitable selection. 
Trusting we may hear from you again in a short time, 

Yours very truly, 

Martin Johnson & Co. 



LESSON XXII 

Phrasing and Omitting Words 

MANY of the sign-words in shorthand are arbitrary, but all should 
be memorized. This is very important, as you will find the 
sign-words of great convenience. A large part of your skill in 
shorthand depends upon the ready use of these short signs. 

In writing briefly, it is permissible to omit " of " and " of the," and 
this omission is indicated by writing the words closer together as in 
"one of the men," " asked of him," etc. (see instances below). In all 
cases where numbers or dates occur, write in plain -figures. This is a 
good rule to follow. In writing names, vowelize fully the -first time as 
in "Brooklyn," "Washington," "London," etc. (see below). In re- 
peating the same names or places, the vowel may be omitted. 

In shorthand a period is indicated by a small cross, and a para- 
graph by two long parallel lines (see below). Where a shorthand 
character carries a capital letter at the beginning of the word, it should 
be indicated by two small parallel lines written under the word (see 
below). An interrogation point is made with the regular interroga- 
tion mark and a cross beneath it. 

One of the men asked of him Brooklyn Washington London 
Period Paragraph Interrogate Capitals as in Congress Charles. 



/ 



In shorthand, you will find many phrases that may easily be joined 
without interfering with their legibility. By writing several words in 
this manner without lifting the pen, time is saved. Write ten times: 

if you are^^ I am a^-v- I am the man "^^ 

I am in a~-^i I was in a ^ in the mind of man "~^-^ 

as well as £~* it cannot be U I think you will be C/\ 



Write out the following exercise in full, in shorthand. Key appears 
in next lesson. 

THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET 

How dear to my heart are the scenes of my childhood, 

When fond recollection presents them to view! 
The orchard, the meadow, the deep-tangled wild-wood, 

And every loved spot which my infancy knew; 
The wide-spreading pond, and the mill that stood by it, 

The bridge and the rock where the cataract fell, 
The cot of my father, the dairy-house nigh it, 

And e'en the rude bucket that hung in the well! 
The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket, 

The moss-covered bucket that hung in the well. 

That moss-covered vessel I hail as a treasure; 

For often, at noon, when returned from the field, 
I found it the source of an exquisite pleasure, 

The purest and sweetest that nature can yield. 
How ardent I seized it, with hands that were glowing, 

And quick to the white-pebbled bottom it fell, 
Then soon, with the emblem of truth overflowing, 

And dripping with coolness, it rose from the well; 
The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket, 

The moss-covered bucket arose from the well. 

How sweet from the green mossy brim to receive it, 

As, poised on the curb, it inclined to my lips! 
Not a full-blushing goblet could tempt me to leave it, 

Though filled with the nectar which Jupiter sips. 
And now, far removed from that loved situation, 

The tear of regret will intrusively swell, 
As fancy reverts to my father's plantation, 

And sighs for the bucket which hangs in the well; 
The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket, 

The moss-covered bucket which hangs in the well. 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER.. 



LESSON XXIII 



Affixes, or Syllables Added to Words 

AFFIXES should not be used in cases where the words can be 
conveniently and quickly written with the consonants. The 
-Sign-affixes given in this lesson should.be carefully learned. A 
good plan is to write all the words you can think of in which they 
occur, repeating the exercise at least twenty times. 

Ble, Bly — Bee joined when bel cannot be used. Bleness, Fulness — 
Small circle at end of word. For — Ef joined to word. Ing — Light dot 
at end of word. Ingly — Heavy tick direction of Pee or Chay. Ings — 
Heavy dot at end of word. Lessness — Large circle at end of word. 
Lty, Rty — Combined with any vowel following or preceding L or R may 
be added by detaching the final consonant from the group sign. Ly — 
By Lay written near end of word. Mental, Mentality — Ment near end 
of word. Ology — Jay joined or partially under word. Self — Iss joined, 
or when inconvenient, disjoined. Selves — Ses joined, or when incon- 
venient, disjoined. Ship — Ish written near or joined. Someness — 
Small circle at end of word. Soever — Iss-Vee joined. 

List of words showing use of affixes. Learn thoroughly : 

Profitable \ Meetings c^ 

Doubt fulnesa *» Carelessness <= — o 
o 

Therefore <^ Formality ,Y"^ 

Dying V Instability ^ 

Lovingly /\y> Popularity V" Myself 



Manly ^*f~ 
Instrumental %* 
Theology ( 
Zoology h 



Themselves 6 
Lordship *V/ 
Irksomeness ^ — c 
Whensoever ^ 
Whatsoever ^ 



THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET 
Key in longhand in preceding lesson 

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LESSON XXIV 

The Rain in Summer 

Exercise to be written out in longhand and also copied in short- 
hand and utilized for dictation. 



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TO THE STUDENT 

A T the close of the Course, let us give a word of advice to the 
l\ student as to future progress in shorthand. Do not be satisfied 
-*--*- because you have become sufficiently familiar Avith the word-signs 
and abbreviations to take a good dictation. The motto of every student 
should be Practice, Practice, PRACTICE ! Procure a copy of " The 
Legend of Sleepy Hollow," in the Graham-Pitman system from A. J. 
Graham & Co., 1135 Broadway, New York City, 20 cents by mail. This 
gives the most approved forms of contractions, grammalogues, etc. 
The shorthand should be copied a paragraph at a time, to familiarize 
with the forms used; then transcribe into longhand. 

TIME DICTATION FOR SPEED 

Laying aside the book, have some one dictate to you from your long- 
hand copy. " Time dictation " for speed is a simple method and never 
fails to bring the desired result. Any printed matter will do — news- 
paper, editorial, news report, telegram, poem, or speech; write it out 
slowly and carefully in your best shorthand, using all the abbreviations 
you can. Then hand the printed matter over to some one to dictate to 
you, watch in hand. The first dictation should not be quicker than 30 
or 40 words per minute. The same matter should be dictated four or 
five times at one sitting, gradually increasing the speed. Do not be 
hurried ; rather resolve to make your characters clear and legible. Read 
your notes after each dictation, until you can read them as clearly as 
print. 

At the next " time " sitting take a new exercise, following the same 
rule. Persist in this method, occasionally taking up old matter previ- 
ously dictated. As you acquire ease in writing, the best forms and the 
clearest abbreviations will come more and more readily to your pen. 
Before long you will reach 100 words per minute. Beyond this point 
you are in the domain of rapid reporting. It only remains with your- 
self, by constant practice, to become as expert as could be desired. 
" Time dictation " is the Only Reliable Method of acquiring speed. 
Vary this with reporting speeches or sermons and taking testimony 
in court (questions and answers). 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER. 



LESSON NUMBER 



LESSON NUMBER.. 



KEY TO EXERCISES 

SHORTHAND FOR EXERCISE IN LESSON IV 

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KEY TO SHORTHAND EXERCISE IN LESSON V 

Let us go away early to-night. Now don't be lazy, John, but 
get to work. Jane, call the cat into the house. The mail men 
pulled our bell on Monday night. The cow took a long drink 
from the pail. Don't drive the nail into the plank. 

SHORTHAND FOR EXERCISE IN LESSON VII 

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SHORTHAND FOR EXERCISE IN LESSON VIII 



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SHORTHAND FOR EXERCISE IN LESSON IX 



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KEY TO SHORTHAND EXERCISE IN LESSON X 

Strong men must eat plenty food to keep up their strength. 
The stone masons struck last week because they wanted more 
money. He learned under masters who taught him to make busts 
in plaster. The yellow automobile went past our house on Wed- 
nesday night. When the factory opened again, sixty men went 
back to work at their old places. 



KEY TO EXERCISE IN LESSON XVI 

The first edition of the morning paper has just been printed. 
We can't get possession of our property until the court has ren- 
dered its decision. The motion made, was that the education of the 
children be placed in the hands of the defendant. The plan of the 
administration met with no opposition. The administrative body- 
declared the law was operative in various sections and that copies 
of the act were in the possession of the courts. 

SHORTHAND FOR EXERCISE IN LESSON XIX 



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SHORTHAND FOR EXERCISE IN LESSON XXI 
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25 



191* 



One copy del. to Cat. Div. 



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